Information service nigeria country of origin information report pdf. The menace of boko haram and fundamentalism in nigeria by horace g. Pdf the boko haram terrorist islamic sect in nigeria. The popular belief is that it was founded around 2001 or 2002 by mohammed yusuf.
Pdf it is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants that transformed from political brigandage declared a war on the. Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria when a. Boko harams pledge of allegiance has the potential to formalize a relationship between two of the deadliest organizations currently in operation, but it. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right to. The transnational aspects of the boko haram conflict would have been difficult to identify. The results of the study are intended for africom and its subordinate commands, but are applicable to all usg entities that contribute resources to countering boko haram. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Start has compiled the following background information on the history and networking relationships of boko haram, and updated data from a previous background report on the group. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Boko harams declared aim is to establish a caliphate and to punish or annihilate unbelievers. While boko haram appears to be part of an international terrorist movement, their real agenda is local, with roots stretching back several centuries.
The emergence of boko haram is a symptom of the maturation of historical extremist and rejectionist impulses in the northeast and the failure of both governmental and customary conflict mitigation institutions. Dfid nigeria, conflict management in northeast nigeria. Along the way, the paper considers the social dynamics of poverty and relative economic deprivation in northern and especially northeastern nigeria, and their contributions to the spiralling violence of boko haram. West africa report assessing the multinational joint task force against boko haram william assanvo, jeannine ella a abatan and wendyam aristide sawadogo over the past few months the forces of nigeria, cameroon, chad and niger have scored some gains in the fight against boko haram. Boko haram s spokesman also claimed responsibility for the killing outside his home in maiduguri of the politician abba anas ibn umar garbai, the younger brother of the shehu of borno, who was the second most prominent muslim in the country after the sultan of sokoto. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and began a career as a preacher. Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. Many descriptions of boko haram have been written in recent years 710.
In the extreme northeast corner of nigeria from potiskum to baja lies the scene of the latest attack from boko haram, the al qaeda linked murderous group. Mar, 2015 boko haram s pledge of allegiance has the potential to formalize a relationship between two of the deadliest organizations currently in operation, but it is unlikely to lead to a shift in the groups strategy. So boko haram needs to be viewed both within the traditions of religiously justified violence, especially in west africa, and as a representative of a new kind of terrorist phenomenon. The menace of boko haram and fundamentalism in nigeria. Two years ago the world was gripped when boko haram kidnapped 279 school girls from the nigerian town of chibok. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern. While boko haram cant be neatly characterized as an insurgency or terrorist organization, its origins appear rooted in grievances over poor governance and sharp inequality in nigerian society. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty.
Untold story of boko haram, its ideology, what they want and. Strategies to defeat boko haram american anglican council. Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Nigeriaorigin radical islamist group boko haram extended armed attacks into northern cameroon in 2014 but was substantially beaten back by joint. A short history of boko haram this morning, members of the boko haram movement attacked a dss detention facility close to the seat of power in abuja.
Boko haram and the african unions response234 leader of the sect. Boko haram sees itself as the ruling power in the areas it controls, in which it aims to found a theocracy. This note provides country of origin information coi and analysis of coi for. The influence of yusuf metamorphosed boko harams principal objective. Boko haram is an islamic sect like maitatsine sect of 1980 believes that northern politics has been seized by a group of corrupt, false muslims. The norwegian peacebuilding resource centre noref is a. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state.
Despite the international attention, which goaded the nigerian government to mount. Jun 06, 2014 boko harams story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. A common account of the groups origin traces it to 2002. May 06, 2014 while the full report moves toward publication, brookings asked him to publish excerpts for africa in focus, 1 explaining the emergence of boko haram, 2 discussing possible scenarios on how the. By origin a splinter of boko haram, ansarus base is in.
Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko harams transnational reach and regional responses. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, ibiang oden ewa and others published the boko haram terrorist islamic sect in nigeria. Boko haram sees itself as the ruling power in the areas it controls, in which it. In 20, the nigerian military intensified its campaign against boko haram. Boko harams spokesman also claimed responsibility for the killing outside his home in maiduguri of the politician abba anas ibn umar garbai, the younger brother of the shehu of borno, who was the second most prominent muslim in the country after the sultan of sokoto. Boko harams religious and political worldview brookings institution. Radicalisationde radicalisationcounterradicalisationmarch20. Boko haram took advantage of a distracted military and attacked the unprotected town of gamboru ngala, reportedly killing up to 300 civilians. The islamic state in west africa or the islamic states west africa province formerly known as. However, nigerian security forces date the origin of the sect back to 1995, when abubakar lawan established the ahlulsunnawal jama ahhijra sect at the university of maduigiri, borno state.
Between 26 and 29 july, 2009, the yusuffiya boko haram insurgents had free. The boko haram that kidnapped girls and on rampage have nothing to do with our local politics, they are inclined to global jihad movement in favour of strict textualism in interpreting quran. Those terrible weeks in their camp 2 ascertain if some, or all, had also been abducted or if they were family members of the insurgents. Untold story of boko haram, its ideology, what they want. Strategies to defeat boko haram 012015 by american anglican council current news, featured. While the full report moves toward publication, brookings asked him to publish excerpts for africa in focus, 1 explaining the emergence of boko haram, 2.
The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. The terrorist group boko haram, or the selfdescribed people of the tradition of the prophet saw for preaching and striving, continues to terrorise nigeria, with horrible consequences. Sudanorigin system of state sponsorship in order to facilitate a regional escalation of the boko harams jihad. The boko haram and nigerian jihadism peace palace library. Mar 31, 2014 a short history of boko haram this morning, members of the boko haram movement attacked a dss detention facility close to the seat of power in abuja. The origins of nigerias boko haram news al jazeera. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. Currently, boko haram seeks to overthrow the secular nigerian government and enforce antiwestern sharia based government. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and.
The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. Addressing the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria requires. Page ii abstract this paper explores the factors driving the emergence and evolution of boko haram, the islamist group that has displaced some 2. In a 2009 bbc interview, yusuf stated that the belief that the world is a sphere is contrary to islam and should be rejected, along with darwinism and the theory that rain comes from water evaporated by the sun. Summary of findings having conducted a rigorous conflict assessment, we conclude that boko haram is a.
We are doing what we are doing to fight injustice, if they stop. Boko haram and the evolving salafi jihadist threat in nigeria pdf. This belief has however been challenged by isioma madike who contends that the sect was. In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Boko haram opposes not only western education, but western culture and modern science as well. Perception of boko haram in northern nigeria and the 2015. It wants to wage a war against them, and the federal republic of nigeria generally, to create a pure. Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in. Boko haram is an extremist sect in nigeria that has caused devastating. Boko haram is a homegrown insurgence that rose from among the sect of izalatulbidiawaikamatul sunna founded in 1992 when mohammed yusuf the founding leader of boko haram came up with a synthesized and different interpretation entanglewith islam as social fact of deception to stage jihad which was vehemently rejected by. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced. The nigerian armed group boko haram has gained international notoriety after the kidnapping of more than 270 schoolgirls in northern nigeria.
Its full name in english is vanguards for the protection of muslims in black africa. History of boko haram founded in the muslimdominated northern nigeria in 2002 by mohammed yusuf, boko haram was originally labeled as the nigerian taliban because of its ideology and methods. Terra at the norwegian defence research establishment ffi in 2012. Identity, religion, boko haram, poverty, northern nigeria. Untold story of boko haram, its ideology, what they want and why they are winning the battle. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. While boko haram would appear to be a part of a wider terrorist phenomenon, linked to al qaeda and isis, historian kim searcy demonstrates that boko haram s agenda is local, not international, and the roots of that agenda stretch back several centuries. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram council on oreign relations ast t street ne ork n 100 tel 212. Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and. This paper considers the effect of the boko haram8 insurgency in nigeria while focusing on its impact on the childs right to education. In a video message, the movements spokesman declared its dedication to global jihad and support for the islamic state.
While writing a paper entitled the geopolitics of boko haram and nigerias war on terror, between 2012 and 2014, i produced a detailed bibliography of academic writings on the group. The origins of boko haram boko haram appeared in the consciousness of most westerners for the first time in april of this year. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. Boko haram has nothing to do with federal governmentg, jonathan or the niger delta they only feed on our differences and obsession with conspiracy theories. During training with aqmi, boko haram members also mastered nigeria. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie.
Relations with the islamic world analysis paper no. It argues that boko harams terrorism does indeed have a transnational dimension, demonstrating that its agenda and targets transcend nigeria, and that there are international links to the. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. Cameroon has become a hub for boko haram ideological infiltration, and other reports suggest that boko haram is using cameroon as a place of. It argues that boko haram s terrorism does indeed have a transnational dimension, demonstrating that its agenda and targets transcend nigeria, and that there are international links to the. Armed group that kidnapped more than 270 school girls has been in conflict with government for 12 years. Pdf boko haram terrorism, the international dimension. Boko harams story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927.
Graduate lecturing assistant, faculty of law, university of the western cape. From 200920, boko haram hasnt necessarily utilized selective assassinations, but rather the mass targeting of civilians. Nov 02, 2014 boko haram believe they are sunni islam, they want to return islam to what they view as the interpretation of first generation muslims. Student, department of political sciences, bar ilan university 26 november 2015 the views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the international institute for counterterrorism ict. Boko haram have been in the news recently because of the kidnapping of the chibok schoolgirls, but they have been active since at least 2009, with. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago.