However, the effect of using genetically modified organisms for phytoremediation is a poorly researched topic in terms of microbial community structures, despite the important role of microorganisms in the health. Phytoremediation is an eco friendly approach for remediation of contaminated soil and water using plants comprised of two components, one by the root colonizing microbes and the other by plants themselves, which accumulates the toxic compounds to further non toxic metabolites. It may be used to remove contaminants from soil, toxins from air or simply revegetate and stabilize a disturbed area. Phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides etc. Phytostabilization involves the use of the plant to restrict the. Bioremediation plants list of high impact articles. Effect of genetically modified poplars on soil microbial. Technical guidance manual for puget soundappendix 6.
You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Plants with a metal concentration in the aboveground biomass that reflects the soil concentra tion of the metal. A potentially use ful and relatively high biomass hyperaccumulator plant that can accumulate metals and radionuclides. Benefits, brownfields, phytoremediation, tree planting and protection. Phytoremediation the use of plants for the restoration of a polluted. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem.
Gouda is with projects management department, pelayim petroleum company, cairo, egypt email. The major problem of environmental concern, facing kano. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality.
The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. May 30, 2019 the first article on phytoremediation was written by scientists at rutgers university about the use of speciallyselected and engineered metalaccumulating plants used to clean polluted soils. They have been used for dye, medicine, oil, and food. The gourd family, cucurbitaceae, consists of about 975 species across 98 genera. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is. Common sunflower is from the family asteraceae, the family of daisies and its botanical name is helianthus annuus. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. Phytoremediation plants, advantages, process, scope, limits. The plants as reported in this paper are used to treat 43 physical illnessesdiseases. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. Beside the natural activities, almost all human activities also have potential contribution to produce heavy metals as side effects. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of.
By compiling the published and unpublished work, research repetition can be avoided, and areas of opportunity that need attention should be clear. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Despite these and other successes, phytoremediation remains largely relegated to the lab. Use of trees in phytoremediation since the early 1990s organic pollutant clean up.
The term phytoremediation comes from the ancient greek word phyto meaning plant and the latin word remedium meaning restoring balance. The international journal of phytoremediation ijp is the first journal devoted to the publication of laboratory and field research describing the use of plant systems to solve environmental problems by enabling the remediation of soil, water, and air quality and. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. For instance, pb phytoremediation technology can only be feasible if systems can be developed to employ high biomass plants, which are capable of accumulating more than 1% pb in shoots and produce more than 20 t of biomass ha. In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying.
The use and effectiveness of phytoremediation to treat. Phytoremediation is the process of using green plants or trees to clean water, soil, and sludge by removing, stabilizing, destroying, or transferring contaminants. Phytoremediation and bioremediation for sandy soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The plants can only remove toxins as deep as their roots, so the technique might not solve groundwater contamination. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances.
Combining the latin words for plant and remedy, phytoremediation uses special types of plants that are able to absorb or metabolize harmful chemicals such as radionuclides, inorganics, and heavy metals in the soil and ground water. Because of these limitations such plants cannot be used to remove certain heavy metals from soil. Phytoremediation entails the use of plants to mitigate the effects of some type of environmental toxin or damage. Bioremediation by use of plants constitutes phytoremediation. The plants used for phytoremediation must be fast growing and have the ability to accumulate large quantities of metal contaminants in their shoot tissue. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Gisbert and her team aimed to genetically modify a plant so that it could be used for phytoremediationusing plants to remove toxic substances from the soil. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Phytoextraction uses hyperaccumulating plants, like common sunflowers, to take up and store pollutants in stems, roots, and leaves the most frequent method. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and.
Phytoremediation has not only been studied in plants but it is also applied to microorganisms that have the ability to take up large amount of heavy metals. Pdf phytoremediation ability of some floricultural plant species. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and. If the contamination runs too deep, or the concentration of toxic compounds is too high, then plants alone. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration andor degradation detoxification of the pollutants. The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. The flowers are often showy and unisex and produce large fruits known as pepos. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. Plants with their large, conducive to pollutants accumulation surface are the most efficient and natural tool in the hands of a man for decreasing air pollution and with our knowledge will be effectively and widely used for this purpose.
The term phytoremediation phyto plant and remediation. It is an emerging technology that can be applied to both organic and inorganic pollutants present in the soil, water or air salt et al. Another plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is indian mustard, which removes lead, selenium, zinc, mercury, and copper from the soil. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated mafiadoc. In the present study, transgenic alfalfa plants pkhcg coexpressing glutathione stransferase gst and human p450 2e1 cyp2e1 genes were used for phytoremediation of mixed mercury hg. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. Phytoremediation has been studied extensively in research and smallscale demonstrations, but full. In theory, phytoremediation methods are cheap, are accepted by the public and, compared to. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap technique used to eliminate pollutants from an environment.
Phytoremediation is a technology based on the capacity of plants to. Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and their capability to reduce the contaminant are also reported. Using plants to clean contaminated soil resilience. Cr, cd, pb, zn phytoremediation in conjunction with biomass fuels production willow being grown on contaminated land for biomass production. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks. There are five basic types of phytoremediation techniques. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Plants used for phytoremediation in sustainable bioremediation treatmentcleanuprestoration projects to contain, degrade, or eliminate transient pollutionwaste andor onsite pollutiontoxins. Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Plants,used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than.
Bioremediation plants list of high impact articles ppts. Not aware of any trials with native aspen in uk but. How can plants used for phytoremediation be safely. Phytovolatilization of oxygenatied compounds from gasolineimpacted groundwater at an underground storage tank site via conifers. One plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is alpine pennygrass because it was found to be able to remove 10 times more cadmium than any other known soil cleaning plant. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media, is being pursued as a new approach for the cleanup of contaminated soils and waters, including groundwater. Plant assisted bioremediation, sometimes referred to as a type of phytoremediation, involves the interaction of. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by.
The plants used for phytoremediation technology selectively metabolize or absorbed contaminates from the soil, water or other growth matrix. Contaminant accumulation rates in mgkg dry weight binomial name english name hhyperaccumulator or aaccumulator pprecipitator ttolerant. Scientists have identified phytoremediation as an effective and efficient process to improve human health and reproductive health in contaminated areas. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms. Purpose this project will investigate the usage of phytoremediation to treat soil and groundwater contaminated by persistent organic pollutants pops. Members of the family are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. The first article on phytoremediation was written by scientists at rutgers university about the use of speciallyselected and engineered metalaccumulating plants used to clean polluted soils. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. The application of transgenic plants to clean up environmental pollution caused by the wastes of heavy metal mining is a promising method for removing metal pollutants from soils. This study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil.
But after they have absorbed so much of these contaminants, they need to be disposed of safely into the environment. Of course, phytoremediation operates under certain limitations. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. A list of plants and trees suitable for phytoremediation and their corresponding benefits. Heavy metals are among the contaminants in the environment. Specific plants are cultivated at the sites of polluted soil. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Dec 24, 2007 phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. Nov 09, 2011 because of these limitations such plants cannot be used to remove certain heavy metals from soil. Aspen in phytoremediation aspen represent optimal plants for absorption, accumulation, storage, and degradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, mercury, pcbs, nitrates, pesticide and herbicide residues, aromatics, wood preservatives, explosives and other wasteproducts. As international journal of molecular sciences has.
Plant species identification for phytoremediation of mixed. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media. Plants are known to be able to accumulate many heavy metals 9. Phytoremediation the direct use of living green plants for in situ remediation refers to the use of plantbased processes and their associated microbial communities in a symbiotic interaction. Name one tree species i mentioned and how it can be used for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment. This use of plants to clean up contaminated areas is called phytoremediation. Potential of five plant species for phytoremediation of metalpah.
Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, andor destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. It is a technology that uses plants to treat environmental pollution problems. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. Plants, used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. The plant species used were mustard brassica juncea, cv. The importance of the calciumtomagnesium ratio for phytoremediation of dairy industry wastewater using the aquatic plant lemna minor l. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. What is the fate of plants used in phytoremediation. Pdf chromium cr is one of the most common heavy metals affecting the soil quality which is. Plants have been used over the years to remove contaminants from the soil. The people in the study area have a rich heritage of traditional plants that are used in the. The primary processes of plants are based on gas exchange to. Because of these limitations, a thorough site assessment.
Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic. Some of these plants have been used to clean up soils contaminated with pesticides and heavy metals. Trees in phytoremediation colorado state university. Phytoremediation is a time specific technology, as this requires sufficient time for plant growth, then binding process for facilitating the. Phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment.
Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years. This is known as microremediation and can also be a potential source for removing soil pollution wu et al. Phytoremediation generally requires more space and time than alternative remediation strategies. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. In 1993, a united states patent was filed by a company called phytotech. Eventually, phytoremediation plants became an additional cleanup technique to remove harmful chemicals from the soil, such as cadmium, zinc, iron, and manganese. This work may also be used to help guide research, development, and regulation. We take a closer look at 5 of best plants for phytoremediation. Vegetable species for phytoextraction of boron, copper, lead.
Arabidopsis thaliana delhaize 1996, typha latifolia, and phragmites australis ye et al. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. The burning of leaves or limbs of plants containing harmful chemicals could contaminate the air. They have a more interesting use for phytoremediation as well. To better examine the phytoremediation potential of kenaf hybiscus. Traditional plants used for medicinal purposes by local. Water is the main medium used for the preparation of the remedies which are mostly administered orally. Phytometabolism plants break down toxic material into nontoxic forms. Evaluation of phytoremediation and bioremediation for sandy.
Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Phytoremediation is a quite novel technique to clean polluted soils using plants. Phytodecontamination a subset of phytoremediation the concentrations of the contaminants in the soils of concern is reduced to an acceptable level through the action of plants, their associated microflora and agronomic practices. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and reducing the time of decontamination of an ecosystem 8. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. The use and effectiveness of phytoremediation to treat persistent organic pollutants 1. These plants are capable of stimulating the biodegradation of pollutants in the soil adjacent to roots rhizosphere although phytoremediation is a cheap and environmental friendly cleanup process for the biodegradation. List of plants in the family cucurbitaceae britannica. There are three types of phytoremediation processes, including. Phytoremediation resource guide technologies for cleaning. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not.